Rakus, a Sumatran orangutan, suffered a wound on his face but fully healed after treating himself with a medicinal plant.. Now, researchers have observed another stunning similarity: an orangutan in Sumatra using a medicinal plant to heal a wound. The find, published today in
Anecdotal reports have also described chimps treating wounds with poulticelike medicinal plants. Now, researchers have scientifically documented such behavior by another ape species in the Suaq Balimbing research area in Gunung Leuser National Park. Jointly operated by the University of Zurich, the National University in Indonesia, and the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior , the forested reserve is populated by up to 150 Sumatran orangutans including an adult male nicknamed Rakus.
“It’s very likely that he was involved in a fight,” says Isabelle Laumer, a cognitive biologist at MPGAB and lead author of the new study., a climbing liana known as akar kuning. The plant contains dozens of bioactive chemical compounds and is used throughout Southeast Asia and China as a painkiller, fever reducer, and diuretic. Orangutans rarely eat, but on that day the injured Rakus spent more than half an hour feeding on the leaves.
The wound closed within 8 days and fully healed within 1 month, leaving only a faint scar. In their paper, the researchers suggest Rakus’s behavior might be “a form of self-medication that reduces pain, prevents inflammation, and accelerates wound healing.” Orangutans are social learners, and the researchers speculate that wound treatment might be cultural knowledge spread from one ape to another.
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