Treasure Hunters Pose Problems for Archaeologists

THERE ARE ANCIENT PIRATES and modern treasure hunters. They are separated by more than 200 years of history, differences in available technology, and types of sponsorship that keep them afloat—the former sailing for a country and the latter protected by a company. Even so, they seem to have the same objective: the gold and silver of the Spanish Empire.came to the end of its journey at the bottom of the sea near Cape of St. Mary at the south of Portugal.

The coins were transferred from Gibraltar to Florida, where Odyssey has its headquarters. However, the Spanish government initiated a lawsuit against the company. In 2011, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta, Georgia,under a legal decision that no longer allowed any type of appeal or reversal. However, investigators still discovered that the company had wrongfully hidden some objects recovered from the site in Gibraltar.

For example, the fact that Roman coins appear at a site in Northern Europe may suggest that trade with the Roman Empire reached that region. oment in time. The materials that we find are exclusively from the moment when the ship sank, indicating styles, fashions, types of food, weapons, and so on.To begin with, highly specialized labor is needed, along with diving licenses, underwater equipment, one or more boats, and very expensive excavation equipment that can vacuum up mud or sand from the seabed. In land archaeology, shifts of eight hours or more in length are normal—something unthinkable in underwater archaeology.

Odyssey is a company and, as such, it has to make a profit. And making a profit by doing a good job of underwater archaeology is impossible because of the high costs associated with it. Hence, many of these companies do what Odyssey did with the frigate La Mercedes: In this case, the company looted the silver that the ship contained—approximately 600,000 silver and gold coins—and completely ignored any other nonvaluable object from the wreck.

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