What are the most recent advances in biomarkers for asthma?

Sponsored Content by Owlstone Medical LtdApr 15 2024Reviewed by Louis Castel Asthma affects millions worldwide, including around 12% of children aged 6–7.1 Although symptoms for all asthma patients share a common set of traits , the underlying disease mechanisms of this chronic inflammatory condition can vary between patients. This means that the selections for treating asthma become highly individualized.

Hundreds of volatile organic compounds are contained in human breath, several of which originate locally in the respiratory tract because bodily processes such as lipid peroxidation which could potentially be new biomarkers for asthma. The underlying immunological mechanisms and pathophysiology of asthma can produce VOCs; therefore, using these VOCs as biomarkers could eliminate the need for a trial-and-error approach.

To this end, Owlstone conducted a literature review and ran it against its own internal data to summarize the most promising VOC biomarkers for asthma for this case study. This means that the on-breath compounds can be associated with a normal, healthy variation in the population. In contrast, the off-breath compounds in the VOC Atlas do not appear in the breath of individuals considered healthy frequently enough, or in high enough concentration to be considered part of normal variation.

Chronic inflammation is a defining characteristic of asthma, a state that leads to oxidative stress in the tissues of the respiratory tract. This produces reactive oxygen species that may react with unsaturated fatty acids in the cell, and the consequent release of distinctive volatile compounds like alkanes.27

More work needs to be done to link the characteristic changing levels of these compounds in the breath of asthma patients, and the underlying mechanisms responsible. In the long term, the aim is to validate these biomarkers and eventually translate them into practical breath tests for asthma in clinical use.

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