The Relationship between Breakfast, Sleep, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

By Hugo Francisco de SouzaOct 30 2023Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, researchers investigated the additive effects of breakfast-eating habits and sleep timing on cardiovascular health . Their large-scale study included 16,121 participants assigned to four cohorts based on their sleep and eating patterns.

Breakfast is considered the most important daily meal because it breaks the overnight fast, the most prolonged standard fasting period for most humans. An extensive body of research has assessed the health impacts of skipping breakfast and revealed that poor breakfast habits are directly proportional to CVD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and metabolic syndrome .

About the study In the present study, researchers hypothesized that different combinations of sleep and breakfast habits, specifically early sleep + regular breakfast, early sleep + infrequent breakfast, late sleep + regular breakfast, and late sleep + infrequent breakfast, would contribute differently to CVD risk. They aimed to assess this risk by measuring CVD-associated risk factors, including DM, dyslipidemia , HTN, and MetS, in adults and investigate if these risks varied by sex and age.

Related StoriesParticipants' daily breakfast habits were recorded and used to assign participants into two cohorts – 'infrequent breakfast eaters' and 'regular breakfast eaters' . When combined with sleep data, this resulted in four cohorts corresponding to the researchers' original hypothesis.

"After controlling for potential confounding variables, in men, group 4 had a lower prevalence of obesity than group 1 0.62–0.97), and groups 2, 3, and 4 had a higher prevalence of MetS than group 1 ."

Breakfast Sleep Cardiovascular Health Metabolic Syndrome Cardiovascular Disease CVD Risk

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