The 'Great Escape' by SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1

By Neha MathurJan 17 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. This exercise could prove fruitful in identifying SARS-CoV-2 strains for the next-generation coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines.

Background It is highly concerning that novel Omicron subvariants are emerging at an extraordinary rate, despite vaccination and prior infection-induced immunity in the majority of the global population. They used a SARS-CoV-2 hamster model for their experiments. First, they infected test animals with Omicron BA.5 subvariant, genetically close to Omicron BA.2, but varying by two deletions and three substitutions in the spike amino acid sequence. Next, they assessed neutralizing antibody titers for all serum samples and variants, including Omicron BA.5, BM.1.1.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.

Further, the study data revealed that Omicron BA.5 antiserum samples neutralized BA.2 and BQ.1.1 substantially but not Omicron BM.1.1.1. Strikingly, none of the serum samples effectively neutralized Omicron XBB.1. In both two-dimensional and three-dimensional maps, Omicron XBB.1, BM.1.1.1, and BQ.1.1 were the farthest from all preceding variants, with no marked improvement with the higher number of dimensions.

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