Genetics & Genomics eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy VARV, the causal pathogen of smallpox, has been a significant cause of mortality in human history. Edward Jenner pioneered vaccination for smallpox in 1796 and intensified efforts in the twentieth century to eradicate it in 1980, when only P-I and P-II lineages were circulating.
About the study In the present study, researchers analyzed VARV genomes and re-evaluated the timeframe of its emergence by accounting for TDRP. Modern VARV genomes were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database; those from ancient/historical remains were collected from published works. The researchers aligned whole genomes, analyzed nucleotide diversity, and computed Tajima’s D.
Findings The dataset included 48 mVARV, two hVARV, four aVARV genomes, and two specimens with controversial date estimates and analyzed 4013 parsimony-informative variants. They found a moderate level of LD, which was unlikely to be attributed to recombination since it was uncommon in the dataset. Instead, it was likely due to mutation or uneven selective pressure.
Further, the investigators analyzed which aVARV variants were present in the hVARV sequences and found 47 variants with a high probability of aVARV ancestry in hVARV genomes. The time to the most recent common ancestor for mVARV and hVARV clades and P-I and P-II clades was similar to previous estimates from other research groups.
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Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing - BMC GenomicsBackground Balanced reciprocal translocation (BRT) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities that causes infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and birth defects. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is widely used to select euploid embryos for BRT carriers to increase the chance of a healthy live birth. Several strategies can be used to distinguish reciprocal translocation carrier embryos from those with a normal karyotype; however, these techniques are time-consuming and difficult to implement in clinical laboratories. In this study, nanopore sequencing was performed in two reciprocal translocation carriers, and the results were validated using the next-generation sequencing-based method named, “Mapping Allele with Resolved Carrier Status” (MaReCs). Results The translocation breakpoints in both reciprocal translocation carriers were accurately identified by nanopore sequencing and were in accordance with the results obtained using MaReCs. More than one euploid non-balanced translocation carrier embryo was identified in both patients. Amniocentesis results revealed normal karyotypes, consistent with the findings by MaReCs and nanopore sequencing. Conclusion Our results suggest that nanopore sequencing is a powerful strategy for accurately distinguishing non-translocation embryos from translocation carrier embryos and precisely localizing translocation breakpoints, which is essential for PGT and aids in reducing the propagation of reciprocal translocation in the population.
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
Association of indoor dust microbiota with cognitive function and behavior in preschool-aged children - MicrobiomeBackground Childhood cognitive development depends on neuroimmune interactions. Immunomodulation by early-life microbial exposure may influence neuropsychological function. In this study, we investigate the association between residential indoor microbiota and cognition and behavior among preschoolers. Results Indoor-settled dust bacterial and fungal characteristics were assessed using 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing (microbial diversity) and qPCR measurements (microbial loads). Child behavior was assessed using four scales: peer relationship, emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Cognitive function was assessed using four tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) software. The first two tasks were designed to assess attention and psychomotor speed (Motor Screening (MOT) and Big/Little Circle (BLC)) and the last two to evaluate the child’s visual recognition/working memory (Spatial Span (SSP) and Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS)). Among the 172 included children (age 4–6 years), we observed a 51% (95%CI;75%;9%) lower odds of children scoring not normal for hyperactivity and a decrease of 3.20% (95%CI, −6.01%; −0.30%) in BLC response time, for every IQR increase in fungal Shannon diversity. Contrarily, microbial loads were directly associated with SDQ scales and response time. For example, a 2-fold increase in Gram-positive bacterial load was associated with 70% (95%CI 18%; 156%) higher odds of scoring not normal for hyperactivity and an increase of 5.17% (95%CI 0.87%; 9.65%) in DMS response time. Conclusions Our findings show that early-life exposure to diverse indoor fungal communities is associated with better behavioral and cognitive outcomes, whereas higher indoor microbial load was associated with worse outcomes. Video Abstract
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
Study on bacterial infection in older individualsThe older population is prone to microbial infections, which can lead to death. Hence, it is important to understand why this group is vulnerable to microbial infection, especially bacterial infection. A recent Scientific Reports study linked data from two sources to understand the determining factors for microbial infection in the older population in the UK.
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What is the association between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and congenital cytomegalovirus infection?What is the association between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and congenital cytomegalovirus infection? UMNews AcuteLymphoblasticLeukemia Leukemia PediatricLeukemia CongenitalCytomegalovirusInfection
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The protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infectionThe protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection medrxivpreprint UniUtrecht radboudumc covid coronavirus covid Omicron infection vaccination
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Chocolate's texture has been examined by the University of LeedsHealthier chocolate that feels just as good to eat could be developed, researchers say. this is what happens when you follow the science Good to see that we are not wasting taxpayers hard-earned on frivolous and pointless research.
Source: BBCLookNorth - 🏆 37. / 67 Read more »