Rising demand and poor management leaves Turkey with a water headache

Istanbul — Last northern hemisphere winter the huge dams and reservoirs that supply water to Istanbul’s 15-million residents fell to critically low levels, sparking fears of shortages. But water and climate experts say the country’s water worries are far from over — and more dams are part of the problem.

Figures from the DSI show that available water in Turkey has been dropping steadily over the past two decades, from about 1,650 cubic metres per person in 2000 to less than 1,350 in 2020. “There is no difference between protecting our water and protecting our homeland,” Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in March at a ceremony inaugurating a new parliamentary water council.

Efforts to get farmers to shift to water-saving — but also energy-demanding — irrigation methods so far have yielded “no major change”, said Gokhan Ozertan, a professor of economics at Istanbul’s Bogazici University. The Turkish government has repeatedly pledged to fight climate change, announcing a new 14-point strategy in February that includes boosting solar and wind power capacity and reducing fossil fuel use in buildings by 25% by 2023.

Often that means more large infrastructure projects such as dams and pipelines — and building these can require evacuating rural villages, often driving more urban migration.

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