Type Ia supernovae are more temporary but spectacular events that result when two stars collide in a binary system. One of these stars – a white dwarf – limits the peak luminosity of the explosion, allowing scientists to measure that luminosity as it reaches us, which in turn can be used to calculate the event’s distance.
Both of these astronomical phenomena are critical steps on the “cosmic distance ladder” that helps scientists determine how far it is to a given object. As part of its decades-long observational campaign, Hubble has captured images of more than 36 galaxies that contain both a Cepheid variable and a Type Ia supernova, allowing them to correlate and check their data against other observations as well as the two methods themselves.
“This is what the Hubble Telescope was built to do,” says Reiss of John Hopkins University. His team, known as SH0ES, has used data from Hubble to find an even more precise value of the constant named after the same astronomer. But interestingly, that value, which was derived from over 40 years of observational measurements, is at odds with the theoretical value that comes out of the stand cosmological model in modern use.
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