) is a small insectivore of the tyrant flycatcher family that cannot produce the protein cryptochrome 4. The birds breed in North America and migrate to southern Mexico and Central America in winter. Credit: Corinna Langebrake
In the current study, the team investigated magnetoreception from an evolutionary perspective for the first time. The researchers analyzed the cryptochrome 4 genes of 363 bird species. First, they compared the protein’s evolutionary rate with that of two related cryptochromes and found that the gene sequences of the cryptochromes used for comparison were very similar across all bird species. They appear to have changed very little over the course of evolution.
The researchers then took a closer look at how the gene sequence for cryptochrome 4 has evolved in the evolutionary history of birds. Their analysis revealed a notable trend, particularly within the passerine order, where the protein underwent significant optimization through rapid selection. “Our results indicate that evolutionary processes could have led to cryptochrome 4 specializing as a magnetoreceptor in songbirds,” says Langebrake.
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