Weighing the means against the goal achieved is irrelevant to rational choice, in one view of economics.
A new study by economists Roland Bénabou, Armin Falk, and Luca Henkel considers a class of ends-means trade-offs in which—unlike those examples—the unappetizing aspect of the path to a desired end is not a harm done to anyone in particular. Rather, it’s having to violate a principle, moral norm, or ideal that the actor tries adhering to whenever possible.
The first cluster studied willingness to violate norms if doing so was required to help others . The second cluster studied willingness to sacrifice some potential money earnings from the study in order to deliver more earnings or benefits to other individuals—for example, voluntarily contributing to a joint investment project, as discussed elsewhere in this blog.
Finally, there were correlations among responses to the survey style moral values questions of the third block, indicating that elements of the different surveys tend to similarly distinguish between individuals claiming to hold more demanding moral values and those not doing so. However, responses to questions in the third block had little predictive power with respect to decisions in the other two blocks, with a few notable exceptions.
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