After decades of failures, researchers have renewed hopes for an effective HIV vaccine

The world needs an HIV vaccine if it ever hopes to beat a virus that still infects over 1 million people a year and contributes to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite 20 years of failures in major HIV vaccine trials — four this decade alone — researchers say recent scientific advances have likely, hopefully, put them on the right track to develop a highly effective vaccine against the insidious virus. But probably not until the 2030s.

, Fred Hutch, Moderna, Scripps Research, the Gates Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and university teams. More such trials are in the works. On Friday, Science magazine reported concerning recent findings that among the three mRNA trials, a substantial proportion of participants — 7% to 18%,

said in a statement — experienced skin-related symptoms following injections, including hives, itching and welts. said in its statement that it and partners are investigating the HIV trials’ skin-related outcomes, most of which were “mild or moderate and managed with simple allergy medications.” Researchers have shown success in one of those mRNA trials in executing a particular step in the B-cell cultivation process. That vaccine component also generated “helper” CD4 cells primed to combat HIV.

, suggested that the first trial to test effectiveness of the vaccine might not launch until 2030 or later. Even so, he was bullish. “The field of HIV vaccine development is in a better place now than it’s ever been,” he said.

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