In this study, researchers used male CD-1 mice to explore the potential correlation between dietary intake and KS. Initially, the size of urinary sediment particles was analyzed in mice that were administered with cholesterol and fruit tannins by gavage.
The results showed that CT-mice or ECT mice had significantly larger urine sediment particles, and crystals larger than 20 μm were clearly visible in their urine compared with the other subject groups. Furthermore,, a known promoter of oxalate excretion in the kidney, was identified to enhance urinary stone formation.
These crystal grains were composed of two types: filter cake shaped grain and the multiple nuclei grain. Paraffin embedding and HE staining elucidatedand vascular stasis around the kidney tubules with crystalline deposits in ECT-mice. Micro-stones, visible under a polarizing microscope, were identified in the kidneys of ECT-mice.
Remarkably, tannin and cholesterol deposits in the kidney were highlighted using immunofluorescence with antibodies against apple tannins and the Filipin-fluorescence detection method, respectively. Laser-assisted visualization of crystal deposits indicated their association with tannin deposits or co-deposition with cholesterol.
In summary, this study underscores the critical synergistic role of cholesterol and tannins in KS formation. This research holds significant value for nutritional guidelines and public health recommendations, emphasizing a holistic dietary approach to prevent kidney stone-related complications in the future.
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