Restoring insulin sensitivity without TZD side effects

Apr 13 2024University of California - San Diego Thiazolidinediones are a class of drug that can be used to treat type 2 diabetes by reversing insulin resistance, one of the main hallmarks of the disease. While TZDs were extremely popular in the 1990's and early 2000's, they have fallen out of use among physicians in recent decades because they were discovered to cause unwanted side effects, including weight gain and excess fluid accumulation in body tissues.

For decades, TZDs have been the only drugs we have that can reverse insulin resistance, but we seldom use them anymore because of their side effects profile. Impaired insulin sensitivity is the root cause of type 2 diabetes, so any treatment we can develop to safely restore this would be a major step forward for patients."

The main driver of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is obesity, which currently affects more than 40 percent of Americans and in 2021 bore an annual medical cost of nearly $173 billion. In addition to causing adipose tissue to expand, obesity also causes low levels of inflammation. This inflammation causes immune cells, called macrophages, to accumulate in adipose tissue, where they can comprise up to 40 percent of the total number of cells in the tissue.

Related StoriesThe researchers treated a group of obese mice with rosiglitazone, a type of TZD drug. Those mice became more sensitive to insulin, but they also gained weight and retained excess fluid, known side effects of rosiglitazone.

Source: Healthcare Press (healthcarepress.net)

Adipose Cell Drugs Exosomes Immune System Inflammation Insulin Insulin Resistance Macrophage Medicine Metabolism Micrograph Microrna Obesity Thiazolidinediones Type 2 Diabetes

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