Diet's impact on gut bacteria offers new clues in Parkinson's disease management

By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Apr 25 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent Npj Parkinson's Disease study investigates the association between diet and gut microbiome composition in an effort to identify the functional pathways that affect patients with Parkinson's disease .

Previous studies have shown that diet plays a critical role in PD incidence and progression. For example, those who adhere to a high-quality diet measured by the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score and Alternative Healthy Eating Index are at a lower risk of PD, whereas lower Healthy Eating Index —2015 scores have been associated with chronic constipation and hyposmia in PD patients.

PD patients typically exhibit lower levels of putative short-chain fatty acid - producing bacteria, such as Coprococcus and Butyricicicoccus, as well as higher levels of Akkermansia, pro-inflammatory bacteria. Importantly, SCFAs have anti-inflammatory properties that influence the enteric nervous system, modulate inflammation in the central nervous system, and support normal microglia development.

Patients diagnosed with PD in the last three to five years, were residents of California for at least five years, and did not have other neurological conditions or a terminal illness were recruited. Fecal samples were collected from patients who were re-contacted between 2017-2020 . Consistent with previous reports, the current study confirmed the benefits of a high-quality diet in maintaining a healthy gut in PD patients. A healthy diet leads to reduced putative pro-inflammatory bacteria, which are abundantly found in PD patients as compared to healthy individuals.

PD patients often exhibit increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and colon, which reflects systemic inflammation that could ultimately activate microglia. The activation of microglia is inherently associated with the progression of PD.

Microbiome Aging Anti-Inflammatory Bacteria Chronic Constipation Depression Inflammation Mediterranean Diet Microglia Nervous System Neurodegenerative Diseases Parkinson's Disease Taurine

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