Assessing the mechanisms for liver fibrosis

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Chronic liver injury results in the development of liver fibrosis in approximately 25% of individuals in response to diverse insults, and several aspects of the development of liver injury appear to be common to a variety of initiating factors. In contrast, others are specific to individual types of injury. Among all the hepatic changes due to metabolic syndrome, understanding the development of fibrosis is a priority as it is the strongest predictor of mortality.

Once activated, HSCs undergo several changes, including increased proliferation, production of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and secretion of matrix degradation enzymes. These changes lead to the deposition of scar tissue, which can eventually lead to liver failure.

to NASH is estimated to be between 20 and 70 percent, but this number may vary depending on the study population and the definition of NASH. The environmental factors contributing to NASH include obesity, metabolic syndrome, and certain medications. From 2014 to 2017, the global presence of NAFLD in a DM population was 55 percent, while for NASH was 37 percent, and the estimated prevalence of advanced fibrosis among the NAFLD population was 17 percent. Other studies have also identified a greater than two-fold increase in cirrhosis and complications of cirrhosis in patients with DM.

 

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