Kenya's Political Elites Switch Parties With Every Election - How This Fuels Violence

and one county governor out of 47 were elected on its ticket. This isn't surprising in Kenya where political elites switch parties and coalitions with every election. No political party or coalition has ruled for more than one term since the opposition deposed the independence movement, KANU, in 2002. Gilbert Khadiagala, a political scientist who has researchedThe onset of the multiparty era in the early 1990sa new phase of complex political coalitions and alliances.

The coalitions that emerged were based primarily on ethnic and regional affiliations - they were overwhelmingly elite-based. The first was the Forum for the Restoration Democracy . However, barely a year into its existence, FORD broke into two major factions - FORD Kenya and FORD Asili - in August 1992. Further splits followed.

The dominant coalitions that participated in the August 2022 elections - the Kenya Kwanza alliance and the Azimio alliance - comprise many smaller parties. They are products of previous failed attempts at alliance building. In 30 years of competitive politics, coalitions were expected to gradually stabilise into coherent political parties with national reach and resonance. Instead, political coalitions in Kenya have not advanced beyond their narrow bases. They remain fundamentally ethnic and regional machines that are frequently scrambled together on the eve of elections to win power.Kenya's politics for 30 years.

Parties should broadly reflect - and manage - societal differences. In Germany, for instance, parties have come together to overcome certain historical differences by calling on shared interests. Germany's coalition governments are largely based on well-established political parties, not conglomerations concocted before elections as in Kenya. AndThroughout Africa, where ethnic and regional divisions are paramount, political mobilisations deepen societal differences.

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