If you are a logger, should you cut down the last tree in the forest, or leave it standing? Everyone knows that if it is left standing, the forest will eventually regrow and the whole village will survive. But the dilemma for the logger is not next year, but whether he and his family will survive until tomorrow. For the logger, the economically rational thing to do is, in fact, to cut the tree down.
The process underpinning this is known to psychologists as discounting the future. Both animals and humansa small reward now to a larger reward later, unless the future reward is very large. The ability to resist this temptation is dependent on the frontal pole , one of whose functions is to allow us to inhibit the temptation to act without thinking of the consequences. It is this small brain region that allows us to politely leave the last slice of cake on the plate rather than wolf it down.
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