. However, recent research has revealed that PEG also has disadvantages in that it seems to trigger immune responses.
An alternative solution is offered by polybetaines, a class of zwitterionic polymers. A zwitterion is a molecule that carries both positive and negative charges. Recent studies suggest that the antifouling performance enhances as the distance between the positive andThe most effective of these substances should have the negatively charged atoms directly adjacent to the positively charged ones—a requirement that cannot be met with a conventional betaine structure.
A team led by Daniela A. Wilson and Kevin Neumann at Radboud University in Nijmegen produced zwitterionic polymers based on sulfur ylides, poly abbreviated as P, which display sulfur ylides as side chains on a backbone made of polystyrene. The team showed that the new P had antifouling properties exceeding those of PEG. This seems to be the result of a synergistic effect.
Like PEG, P produces a hydration layer that inhibits the adhesion of bacteria and biomolecules. Unlike PEG, P also reduces the viability of bacteria that overcome the barrier of the hydration layer. Presumably, these initially bind to the ylide groups through electrostatic attractions. Once they come into contact with the hydrophobic polystyrene backbone, their cell membranes become porous, and the bacterial cells die off. Mammalian cells, in contrast, are not affected by P; in fact, fibroblast cells, a type of connective tissue, were grown on poly coatings.Bela B.
Source: Healthcare Press (healthcarepress.net)
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