Revisit the history of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: Complete coverage here ‘Little stores and shanties are being opened up for business ... selling everything from fresh meat to ice cream cones.”Video A sense of pride: Descendants reflect on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre The embers had barely cooled before Black Tulsa ns began rebuilding Greenwood Avenue. Amid the rubble of their beloved Black Wall Street , they found ways to keep going, just as they always had.
As segments in a timeline, the 10 decades since 1921 roughly mark stages in the life of a place and maybe even a dream. Tulsa’s 1922 city directory shows more than 80 businesses with North Greenwood Avenue addresses. In 1926, five years after it was burned to the ground, the 100 block of North Greenwood alone was home to more than 50 enterprises of just about every description.
But that success was largely built on a segregation that forced more and more Black Tulsans into the confines of a neighborhood with little room to grow, and created a ready-made customer base for the little shops lining Greenwood Avenue and the neighboring streets.1941-1951: Peak yearsBy one count, the Greenwood District counted almost 180 businesses and more than 1,400 residences in 1942.
As early as 1917, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled cities and states could not segregate housing based on race. But that was wired around through title covenants that prohibited the transfer of property to non-whites.Red-lining and other obstacles remained, to be sure, but U.S. Census data shows clearly how Black Tulsans spilled out of the old boundaries — Detroit to the old Midland Valley railroad tracks — into adjoining neighborhoods.
Johnson, for one, predicted urban renewal would result in Black Tulsans losing ownership of the fading ribbon along Greenwood Avenue. The northern half of the 309-acre project was successfully redeveloped as Heritage Hills, but the southern half attracted little interest and zero investment. Despite much fanfare, the Greenwood Centre, as it was then called, landed on the commercial real estate market with a thud. Tenants were so scarce the city had to kick in $1.6 million to avoid a default.
2001-2011: EncroachmentRenewed investment in downtown Tulsa brought more interest and money to the old Greenwood, but also what many Black Tulsans regarded as unwanted encroachment.
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