The Real Sleeping Sickness That Inspired Neil Gaiman's 'The Sandman'

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It may not have been caused by the capture of the King of Dreams, but TheSandman's sleeping sickness was a real epidemic in the 1910s.

What would happen if a warlock managed to capture an entity that represents one of the core aspects of our existence? Say, for instance, our ability to dream. The first episode of Netflix’s new series, The Sandman, offers a fantastical answer to that even more outlandish question. Based on the first volume of Neil Gaiman’s Sandman comics, “Sleep of the Just” has the occultist leader Roderick Burgess capturing Morpheus , the Lord of Dreams himself.

The precise cause of the encephalitis lethargica is still a mystery. At the time of the epidemic, some speculated that it might have something to do with the influenza pandemic of 1918, more commonly known as the Spanish flu. After all, the sudden rise in cases of encephalitis lethargica happened about the same time as the world was recovering from the flu. Still, there was no other evidence suggesting that the two diseases were connected.

But even those that managed to escape the deep, endless slumber still faced tremendous risk. Years would go by until seemingly cured patients presented signs of the chronic form of the disease. The symptoms included involuntary movement of the eyes, psychiatric disorders that could go from euphoria to psychosis, and, perhaps most prominently, a great stiffness of the upper body denominated post-encephalitic parkinsonism.

Still, their brief return to the waking world was essential to our better understanding of the human mind. The success and subsequent failure of levodopa in treating encephalitis lethargica enlightened doctors and researchers about the role dopamine plays in different parts of the brain. And, while they were awake, Sacks’ patients were able to tell him about what it was like to spend all that time trapped behind their own skin.

 

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