Beginning on April 1, 1972, and over the next full year, slightly more than 1,100 babies were born at a single hospital in Dunedin, New Zealand, a city comparable in size to New Haven, Conn. Today, deep into middle age, these same individuals have lived varied lives, and, in many cases, landed far from Dunedin. A sizable number, 166, were living in Australia as of 2019, while 26 were in the U.K., 10 in the U.S.
That such information exists on a set of people connected only by the circumstances of their birth suggests someone has been keeping track of them all their lives. Someone has.“The Origins of You: How Childhood Shapes Later Life” is a book-length discourse on “how we become who we end up being” that relies heavily on cooperation from that cohort of New Zealanders enrolled as infants in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study.
A remarkably high percentage of the original “study members” continued showing up at two- to three-year intervals to be prodded and probed, measured and scanned, tested and scored. The most recent assessment concluded in 2019, with a 94% participation rate. As the members passed through adolescence and became adults, seemingly every aspect of their lives continued to be recorded: pregnancies conceived, crimes committed, dreams fulfilled.
More than 800 academic papers have resulted over the last four decades, and now this book, co-authored by four psychologists specializing in human development. Three of the four, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie Moffitt and Richie Poulton, have played leadership roles in the project. The fourth, Jay Belsky of the University of California Davis, also brings in his work on a 15-year longitudinal study in the U.S., as well as a separate British study focused on twins.
Mr. Belsky, who conceived of this book and did the actual writing, is one of psychology’s superstar researchers. He is controversial for his work in the U.S., which found that longer hours spent in day care during the first 4.5 years of life predicts higher levels of aggression and disobedience in children, and then, during adolescence, risky and impulsive behavior.
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