A contentious scientific debate is clouding prospects for a deeper understanding of the microbiome's role in cancer, a relatively young field of research that some believe could lead to breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of the second-leading cause of death in the United States. claiming that the tumors of 33 different cancers had their own unique microbiomes — on whether the"signature" of these bacterial compositions could help diagnose cancer.
The only confirmed microbiomes are on the skin and in the gut, mouth, and vagina, which are all areas with an easy direct route for bacteria to enter and grow in or on the body. A series of papers in recent years have suggested that other internal organs, and tumors within them, may have their own microbiomes.
Salzberg said that the database linked above is not the one Knight's study used, however."The primary database in their study was never made public , and it has/had about 69,000 genomes," Salzberg said by email."But even if we did, this is irrelevant. He's trying to distract from the primary errors in their study," which Salzberg said Knight's team has not addressed.
For one thing, samples in these types of studies are typically"ultra-low biomass samples, where the signal — the amount of microbes in the sample — is so low that it's comparable to how much would be expected to be found in reagents and environmental contamination through processing," Vujkovic-Cvijin explained. Many polymerases used to amplify a DNA signal, for example, are made in bacteria and may retain trace amounts identified in these studies.
The growing research showing the importance of the gut microbiome in cancer treatments is not surprising given its role in immunity more broadly. Because the human immune system must recognize and defend against microbes, the microbiome helps train it, Vujkovic-Cvijin said. — and may aid in fighting tumors. To grow large enough to be seen on imaging, tumors need to evolve several abilities, such as growing enough vascularization to receive blood flow and shutting down local immune responses.
Knight suggested that escaped bacteria may be the genesis of the ones that he and other researchers believe exist in tumors."Because tumor microbes must come from somewhere, it is to be expected that some of those microbes will be co-opted from body-site specific commensals."
Microbiota Tumor Cancer Malignant Neoplasia Carcinoma Malignant Neoplasm Biologic Therapy Biologics Gastric Cancer Malignant Stomach Neoplasm Stomach Cancer Gastric Carcinoma Bacteria Bacterial Infection Colorectal Cancer Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Noncolorectal Gastrointestinal Cancer Noncolorectal Gi Cancer Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm Pancreatic Cancer
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