For several centuries, women who were the subjects of the erstwhile Ottoman Empire and whose families were close to the palace, practised fine arts as a hobby and within the confines of their homes.
“The establishment of a fine arts school for women by the state was a manifestation of the societal change that was taking place in the Ottoman Empire,” Prof. Dr. Ahu Antmen, from Turkiye’s Sabanci University, told TRT World. Fine arts began to shape into what it is today as the Tanzimat period also coincided with art evolving as a concept and its forms, such as painting and sculpture, being welcomed by the Ottoman state and people.
Turkish women's artistic freedoms would only catch up with their male counterparts after the Republic of Turkiye was founded. Located in the heart of Istanbul's Beyoglu district, home to some of the Ottoman architectural marvels like the Galata Tower and Kilic Ali Pasa Complex, the art academy is now part of modern-day Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University.
Political and societal changes, encompassing the Tanzimat period and the following years, also saw improvements in Ottoman women’s lives, rights and freedoms. Renowned for her portraits, Musfik painted famous people including Turkiye’s founding father Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Pope.Musfik was also a member of the Ottoman Society of Painters, the first Turkish independent artists association, which was established in 1909 to spread and improve the practice of the arts in Ottoman lands.
“How many other young women would have dared to take on such a challenge and see it through in Ottoman society?” Antmen asked rhetorically, emphasising that Mihri Musfik was a pioneer who made it possible for Turkish women to make their debut in arts. The school had to change its location multiple times over the years for several reasons, including increasing demand and the need to improve facilities.
Although women’s rights had increased with the Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire, it was still a challenge for women to practise their art in public. So, the Academy of Fine Arts for Women offered landscape classes to its students to compensate for that shortcoming.
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