As it trundles around an ancient lakebed on Mars, NASA's Perseverance rover is assembling a one-of-a-kind rock collection. The car-sized explorer is methodically drilling into the Red Planet's surface and pulling out cores of bedrock that it's storing in sturdy titanium tubes. Scientists hope to one day return the tubes to Earth and analyze their contents for traces of embedded microbial life.
"The orientation of rocks can tell you something about any magnetic field that may have existed on the planet," adds Benjamin Weiss, professor of planetary sciences at MIT."You can also study how water and lava flowed on the planet, the direction of the ancient wind, and tectonic processes, like what was uplifted and what sunk. So it's a dream to be able to orient bedrock on another planet, because it's going to open up so many scientific investigations.
"Once that magnetic field went away, the sun's solar wind -- this plasma that boils off the sun and moves faster than the speed of sound -- just slammed into Mars' atmosphere and may have removed it over billions of years," Weiss says."We want to know what happened, and why." In talking with engineers at NASA, the MIT geologists found that the three angles they required were related to measurements that the rover takes on its own in the course of its normal operations. They realized that to estimate a sample's hade and azimuth they could use the rover's measurements of the drill's orientation, as they could assume the tilt of the drill is parallel to any sample that it extracts.
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