Study: Cognitive Flexibility Improved by ADHD Stimulant Medication Use

and 180 typically developing children using fMRI and machine learning methods. Compared to the TDC group, decreased neural flexibility was observed in the ADHD group at both the whole brain and sub-network levels, suggesting “a system-wide dynamic reconfiguration in ADHD rather than a disruption limited to specific sub-systems,” according to the researchers.

“Neural flexibility not only potentially links to cognitive flexibility, but also has been reported to predict learning outcomes and in healthy subjects,” the researchers wrote. “Therefore, neural flexibility might be a useful metric to reflect impaired cognitive flexibility in ADHD subjects.”on children with ADHD indicated a significant improvement in cognitive functioning. Among the 180 children with ADHD, 46 were identified as using stimulant medication. Whole brain neural flexibility was significantly higher for the medicated ADHD group compared to the non-medicated ADHD group.

“Since psychostimulant medications were withheld 24 to 48 hours prior to scanning, the observed ‘recovery’ of neural flexibility in the medication group may reflect the long-term benefit of stimulant medication to brain function.” Finally, researchers compared regional neural flexibility between the ADHD and TDC groups. They were able to identify key regions of the brain “capable of distinguishing TDC from ADHD, and predicting severity ofData was sourced from a publicly available, multi-site ADHD dataset. Due to the limited availability of female subjects, only males were considered in the machine learning models.

Interesting, but are people STILL doing ADHD research on entirely male cohorts?

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