A recent study has advanced the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity in ‘cuprates’ using an enhanced Hubbard model, paving the way for potential technological breakthroughs and demonstrating the efficacy of classical computation in quantum research.
An illustration showing how electrons, which can have either an up or a down spin, can form a striped pattern in the Hubbard model. Recent breakthrough computations with this model are helping scientists better understand a class of high-temperature superconductors called cuprates. Credit: Lucy Reading-Ikkanda/Simons Foundation
When cuprates were discovered in 1986, they shocked the science world by superconducting at much higher temperatures. By the mid-1990s, scientists had discovered cuprates that remained superconductive up to around minus 123 degrees Celsius . Such temperatures can be reached using relatively cheap liquid nitrogen.
Shortcuts are needed to deal with that level of complexity — and such shortcuts are the researchers’ specialty. In the ’90s, White and Zhang separately developed now renowned techniques that cut computing time down exponentially. To deal with the enormously complicated model that comes from adding the diagonal hop, the researchers married those two techniques. One technique thinks of the electrons more like particles; the other emphasizes their wavelike structure.
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