The hair rising on the back of your neck, the gelid pool in the pit of your stomach, the flutter in your heart when a shadow shifts.. But it's also an extremely useful emotion – an instinctive response to danger that can ultimately increase our odds of survival when situations take a turn for the worse.
In a bid to better understand fear and how it works, a team led by neurobiologist Hui-Quan Li of the University of California San Diego has mapped the changes in brain chemistry and neural signaling in mice receiving hefty frights – and, even better, figured out how to stop it. An image of some of the neurons, shown in cyan, with tracers of the neuronal connections in magenta and yellow.
Those that received a strong shock also tended to freeze in a different environment, demonstrating an overgeneralized response. A look inside their brains showed what prompted this overzealous fear response.They found that a severe fright sort of flipped a switch in the neurons, changing the neurotransmission mechanism from glutamate, which excites neurons, to, which inhibits neuronal activity.
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