New research based on Cassini data strengthens the idea that Enceladus has the chemicals necessary for life.
The work centers on the discovery of ammonia and inorganic phosphorous in Enceladus' ocean. The researchers used ecological and metabolic theory and modelling to understand how these chemicals could make Enceladus amenable to life. "Whatever its explanation, the correspondence between the quantities of biologically available nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea and the proportions in which they are utilized by the plankton is a phenomenon of the greatest interest," Redfield said in the conclusion of
Analysis of Cassini's data from Enceladus' plumes shows a high level of inorganic phosphate in the ocean. Other geochemical simulations based on Cassini's findings indicate the same. The researchers developed a new, more detailed model for methanogens on Enceladus to see if they could survive and thrive there. Their model leaned heavily on the Redfield ratio. They found that though phosphorous is present in high levels in the moon's ocean, the overall ratio"may be limiting to Earth-like cells."
Understanding ecosystems as a whole is the next step. There's a bewildering number of factors to consider. Cell size, nutrient availability, radiation, salinity, temperature. On and on. But to understand the overall chemical environment at Enceladus, Europa, or anywhere else, we need more detailed data.
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