A schematic depiction of high-speed hydrogen ions injected from the solar surface into the lunar surface and enriched on the surface of lunar soil particles Credit: Prof. Lin Yangting’s group
A research team composed of members from the National Space Science Center and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, both part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered that the grain rims of the soil samples collected by the Chang’e-5 mission have high levels of hydrogen and a low ratio of deuterium to hydrogen, consistent with the theory that lunar water originates from the solar wind.
In contrast to the six Apollo and three Luna missions, which all landed at low latitudes , the Chang’e-5 mission returned soil samples from a middle latitude location . In addition, the Chang’e-5 samples were collected from the youngest known lunar basalts and the driest basaltic basement. Therefore, Chang’e-5 samples are key to addressing the spatial-temporal distribution and retention of SW-derived water in the lunar regolith.
Results showed that the majority of the grain rims exhibited high concentrations of hydrogen with extremely low δD values , implying an SW origin. Based on the grain size distribution of the lunar soils and their hydrogen content, the bulk SW-derived water content was estimated to be 46 ppm for the Chang’e-5 lunar soils, consistent with the remote sensing result.
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