MIT physicists developed a technique to arrange atoms in much closer proximity than previously possible, down to 50 nanometers.are, the stronger their interactions become, unlocking treasures of exotic phenomena. Traditionally, these simulators trapped atoms a minimum of 500 nanometers apart, a limitation set by the wavelength of light used for manipulation.
The team then employed two lasers, each with distinct frequencies and circular polarization . When these beams interact with the ultracold atom cloud, the atoms can align their spins in opposite directions, mirroring the polarization of the lasers. This essentially creates two groups of identical atoms, differentiated by their spin orientation.Each laser forms a standing wave, a pattern of varying electric field intensity with a spacing of 500 nanometers.
“These previously negligible magnetic interactions become incredibly strong at such close proximity,” says Ketterle.
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