Nobel Prize Medicine 2022 announced. Here’s why Svante Pääbo’s work is remarkable

Humanity has been interested in understanding our origins and knowing more about those who came before us. Through the fields of archeology and paleontology, scientists have been attempting to satisfy this curiosity.first appeared in Africa 300,000 years ago. Neanderthals, another hominin - human-like tribe, had developed outside Africa around 400,000 years ago and populated areas of Europe and Asia.

In the 1990s, a new era was shaping up in medicine, where scientists began looking into the human genetic code, and the human genome project was completed. Pääbo wanted to use these tools to peek into the origins of human evolution and to study the DNA and genetic code of the Neanderthals to understand if they were genetically different.

Pääbo and his colleagues also found evidence of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans, demonstrating that the two groups interbred and coexisted for thousands of years before Neanderthals went extinct.

Interestingly, modern humans in South East Asia show traces of Denisova DNA, demonstrating that thesein history. The gene EPAS1, found in Tibetans and gives a survival advantage at high altitudes, has a Denisovan version as well. Apart from bringing to light the interactions of modern humans on their way out of Africa, Pääbo's work also provides information on important genetic differences with our closest relatives and what makes us uniquely human.

Source: Healthcare Press (healthcarepress.net)

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