New NASA Weather Sensors Capture Vital Data on Hurricane Ian From Space Station

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A pair of microwave radiometers gathered data on Hurricane Ian as they passed over the Caribbean Sea aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Two recently launched instruments captured images of Hurricane Ian on Tuesday, September 27, 2022, as the storm approached Cuba on its way north towar

observe the planet’s atmosphere and surface from aboard the ISS, which passed in low-Earth orbit over the Caribbean Sea at about 12:30 a.m. EDT.

According to the National Hurricane Center, Ian made landfall in Cuba’s Pinar del Rio province at 4:30 a.m. EDT. At that time, it was aThe image at the top of the page combines microwave emissions measurements from both COWVR and TEMPEST. White sections indicate the presence of clouds. Green portions indicate rain. Yellow, red, and black indicate where air and water vapor were moving most swiftly.

COWVR and TEMPEST sent the data for this image back to Earth in a direct stream via NASA’s tracking and data relay satellite constellation. The data were processed atCOWVR, which is comparable in size to a minifridge, measures natural microwave emissions over the ocean. The magnitude of the emissions increases with the amount of rain in the atmosphere, and the strongest rain produces the strongest microwave emissions.

Both microwave radiometers were developed to demonstrate that smaller, more energy-efficient, more simply designed sensors can perform most of the same measurements as current space-based weather instruments that are heavier, consume more power, and cost much more to construct. COWVR’s development was funded by the U.S. Space Force, and TEMPEST was developed with NASA funding. The U.S. Space Test Program-Houston 8 is responsible for hosting the instruments on the space station under Space Force funding in partnership with NASA. Data from the instruments is being used by government and university weather forecasters and scientists.

 

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