The 10 hottest and driest summers in Europe in the past 40 years have all followed the release of particularly large amounts of freshwater from Greenland’s ice sheet, and it may mean a particularly hot summer is coming in southern Europe this year.
But it hasn’t been clear what is causing these changes, says Oltmanns. Now she and her colleagues have analysed weather observations over the past 40 years, which they say show that the weather extremes are ultimately a result of periods of increased melting of Greenland ice.The extra meltwater leads to a shallow layer of freshwater spreading south in the north Atlantic.
“Individual links in this feedback chain have been discussed before,” says Oltmanns. “What we have done in this study is put these links together.”
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