Long-period oscillations control the Sun's differential rotation

The interior of the Sun does not rotate at the same rate at all latitudes. The physical origin of this differential rotation is not fully understood. It turns out, long-period solar oscillations discovered in 2021 play a crucial role in controlling the Sun's rotational pattern. The long-period oscillations are analogous to the baroclinically unstable waves in Earth's atmosphere that shape the weather.

l models have long postulated a slight temperature difference between solar poles and equator to maintain the Sun's rotational pattern, it has proven notoriously difficult to measure. After all, observations have to"look through" the background of the Sun's deep interior which measures up to million degrees in temperature.

In their simulations, the researchers for the first time described the crucial processes in a fully three-dimensional model. Former endeavors had been limited to two-dimensional approaches that assumed the symmetry about the Sun's rotation axis.

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