The largest volcanic eruption of the current geological epoch happened underwater off the southern coast of Japan about 7300 years ago. The blast produced more than three times as much material as the largest modern eruption known, that of, which exploded in Indonesia in 1815 and caused such drastic climate changes that it led to the “Year Without a Summer” in 1816.
The eruption’s devastating consequences for humans living on nearby islands have been documented by geologists and archaeologists, and analysis of deposits of volcanic ash had indicated that the blast was one of the largest eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, which began 11,700 years ago.
So the researchers collected deposits from the sea floor using a remote-controlled drilling robot and took core samples from the rock below, identifying a layer that contained distinctive volcanic glass. The data allowed them to isolate the volcanic layer from the seismic survey and calculate the total volume of material that the volcano produced.
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