“When you’re watching star formation, clouds of gas collapse to form a star,” said Megeath. “It’s literally the process of star creation in real-time.”. They’re about 100,000 years old, and they’re still growing and actively devouring material from their disk. Stars gain about half of their eventual mass during this stage when they’re still nestled in a cloud of infalling material.
This image shows HOPS 383, the first protostar with observed flaring. Image Credit: By NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Toledo; background: E. Safron et al. – http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA18928_fig1.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39170894 Astrophysicists are interested in these bursts because of what they can tell us about the complicated process of star formation. We have a lot of theory, calculations, and modelling to guide our understanding of this important process. But observations are the only way to verify how accurate the theory is.
The researchers say that the bursts may not be the dominant mode of mass accretion for Class 0 protostars, but they are significant. They occur when more material infalls from the disk than the protostar can accrete. Since Class 0 protostars experience the highest rates of infall, this all fits together.
They’re even rarer in older protostars, as the table shows, reinforcing the idea that the youngest protostars accrete mass rapidly. “This interval is a factor of 4 less than that estimated for Class I/FS protostars,” the authors say.860 yr, as inferred for the combined sample of 5 protostars.” With such wide variability between bursts, it means that finding more of them requires multi-epoch photometric surveys.
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