Is Red Meat Healthy? Multiverse Analysis Has Lessons Beyond Meat

Observational studies on red meat consumption and lifespan are prime examples of attempts to find signal in a sea of noise.

But selection biases are only one issue. There is also the matter of analytic flexibility. Observational studies are born from large databases. Researchers have many choices in how to analyze all these data.Their idea was simple: Because there are many plausible and defensible ways to analyze a dataset, we should not choose one method; rather, we should choose thousands, combine the results, and see where the truth lies. The answer stems from the choices that researchers face.

Of the 48 analyses deemed statistically significant, 40 indicated that red meat consumption reduced early death and eight indicated that eating red meat led to higher mortality.As a user of evidence, I find this a potentially paradigm-changing study. Observational studies far outnumber randomized trials. For many medical questions, observational data are all we have.

What about the difficulty in analyzing a dataset 1000 different ways? Zeraatkar told me that it is harder than just choosing one method, but it's not impossible.

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