As justifying creatures, humans must generate answers for both what is the case and what ought to be the case.
Religion can be thought of a justification system that binds groups and orients them toward what ought to be.can refer to a wide variety of practices and beliefs. Many in the West think of Religion in terms of believing in acalls this ordering the “defining attribute of human beings.” That symbolic order enables people in any community to interpret their world so that they can cooperate in meeting the deepest challenges to their survival. As a result, culture creates a shared virtual reality.
In the context of “normal” human lived experience, these two problems are bound up together. That is, to live adaptively, an individual or group must constantly be assessing what is the case and acting on what ought to be the case. If we consider animals, they have sensory and perceptual systems for detecting what is the case, and they have motivational and emotional systems that drive them toward valued outcomes . These elements are bound together to guide coordinated action.
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