How to Understand Einstein's Theory of Gravity

A phenomenon known as an "Einstein Ring" created when light is bent by gravity around a large object. In this case, the large red galaxy in the middle is causing light from a much more distant blue galaxy directly behind it to be bent around into the shape of a ring. An astronaut wakes up in a spaceship, with no memory of how she got there.

This spacefarer’s dilemma would have been familiar to Albert Einstein. His 1915 general theory of relativity built on the notion that gravity and acceleration are not just easily confused, but are one and the same. This equivalence, “the happiest thought” of Einstein’s life, was his starting point for redefining gravity.

Einstein showed the same thing happens to a beam inside a stationary elevator within a powerful gravitational field; the gravity bends the light. Similarly, he expected a beam of starlight should bend when passing through the sun’s gravity. This prediction proved correct when the stars moved during the 1919 solar eclipse.

Einstein argued that gravity isn’t a force at all. He described it as a curvature of time and space caused by mass and energy. Confused? The German physicist was, too, and he struggled with the theory for nearly a decade. He got help from mathematician Marcel Grossmann, an old friend who shared his notes when a young Einstein skipped class.

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