From neutrinos to qubits: What are Majorana particles?

If a particle is identical to its antiparticle, it is called a Majorana particle. This raises an intriguing question: Could the neutrino be its own antiparticle?The Universe predominantly consists of matter made of subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons. However, there is also aLike ordinary matter, antimatter is also made of subatomic particles, but they are antiparticles.

Neutrinos interact very weakly with matter, which makes them hard to detect. This is one of the reasons the exact nature of the neutrino is not fully understood, which is also why we don’t know if it is a Majorana fermion. Think of it as finding a needle in a haystack. If two beta decays were occurring, we would see two neutrinos. But if it were its own antiparticle, we would see the reaction occur without the emission of neutrinos. However, this process has not been seen yet. The signals can also be mistaken for other types of radioactive decay, which can leave behind similar signatures, much like mistaking the sound of a whisper for rustling leaves.

In conventional conductors , electrons move one behind another to form current, which is transmitted through the conductor. On the other hand,When an electron leaves the lattice of a superconducting material, it leaves behind a “hole.” This hole has properties similar to a positively charged particle.

The practical implication of this is that qubits can process and store more information, making quantum computing enticing. Consider we have 4 Majorana fermions, 1, 2 and 3, 4 . 1 and 2 are physically apart, as are 3 and 4. It is important to remember here that the information is spread across all four fermions.

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