Electrons act like ghosts in graphene, puzzling physicists

A team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology observed that the electrons display a strange behavior when five layers of graphene are sandwiched between sheets of boron nitride.

This is not the first time researchers have seen strange behaviors from electrons. When materials are cooled to absolute zero temperatures, their resistance becomes quantized. The transverse resistance gets quantized and can occur in multiples of electron charge, such as 1,2,3, etc. These materials maintain the same traverse resistance as the charge density increases. This is known as theIn other materials, though, there is a larger disorder, and traverse resistance can also occur when electrons carry fractional charges. This happens because electrons collectively act like particles with fractional charges and have earned the term fractional quantum Hall effect .

The slight changes in atom positions in different layers of the material result in a shift in electric potential. This acts as a powerful magnetic field, similar to the ones seen in the quantum Hall effect and FQHE.

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