Kashmir, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, is famous for two things: landscape and conflict. The scenic valley from which it gets its name, some 90 miles long and 25 miles wide, was born from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and is guarded by the snowcapped Himalayan Mountains above. But more than seven decades of conflict have severely damaged the political and cultural fabric of the region, denying it much-needed development in science and technology.
Many earthquakes remain lost to history, but the available data suggest that 14 major earthquakes, the scars of which are engraved in the topography and sediments of the region, have occurred in Kashmir’s recorded past. The traditional construction designs include the Taq and Dhajji-Dewari styles. These types of buildings, seen in places like Srinagar, have either masonry-bearing walls fastened with timber or a rectangular timber framework filled with masonry .
Changing culture is therefore critical. California and Kashmir share a similar tectonic and geographic framework: stunning scenic views of a long and wide valley, surrounded by equally mesmerizing mountains ornamented with snow and forest cover. The tectonic plate boundaries have made both regions prone to earthquake hazards. California’s lawmakers decided long ago to retrofit existing building and install a seismic code insisting buildings resist earthquake-induced shaking.
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