Experts from the Institute of Solid State Physics at the University of Tokyo in Japan, Johns Hopkins University in the United States, and the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems in Dresden, Germany, managed to cool a special material to nearThey found that a central property of atoms—their alignment—did not"freeze," as usual, but remained in a"liquid" state.
In principle, magnets can also be regarded as quantum materials; after all, magnetism is based on the intrinsic spin of the electrons in the material."In some ways, these spins can behave like a liquid," explains Prof. Jochen Wosnitza from the Dresden High Field Magnetic Laboratory at HZDR."As temperatures drop, these disordered spins can then freeze, much like water freezes into ice.
"The prerequisite, however, was to have crystals of extreme purity and quality," Prof. Satoru Nakatsuji of the University of Tokyo explains. It took several attempts, but eventually the team was able to produce crystals pure enough for their experiment: In a cryostat, a kind of super thermos flask, the experts gradually cooled their sample down to 20 millikelvin—just one fiftieth of a degree above absolute zero., they measured how much it changed in length.
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