What do 50 years of conflict combined with two foreign occupations mean for a country’s governance? When Afghan prince and former prime minister Daud Khan seized power and abolished the monarchy in 1973, he unwittingly paved the way for a half-century of conflict in his country. Since then the Afghan capital has been forcibly captured on no less than seven occasions.
In the ensuing years, Muhammadi served first as army commander, then interior minister, and finally defence minister. He held those titles when Kabul fell in 2021. Then, cursing the sudden evacuation of Ashraf Ghani, he escaped to mount a putative and short-lived resistance in his native Panjshir. Baradar subsequently helped rebuild the movement into an effective insurgency, and, after a long stint in Pakistani prison, reemerged as its primary political negotiator in the late 2010s.
Other Taliban leaders from 2001 basically play the same roles today. This includes Prime Minister Muhammad Abdul-Kabir and spymaster Tajmir Jawad, both of whom hail from the Afghan east. But if Taliban leaders look familiar, they can at least claim to have paid a price for their political longevity: most have endured personal privation and long stints in prison or the battlefield.
Other powerful rivals of the "emirate" – Abdullah Abdullah in Kabul, Abdul-Zahir Arsala in the east, Gul-Agha Sherzai in the south, and Ismail Khan at the west – would become disillusioned with the post-2001 order, and eventually cooperate with the emirate’s takeover.
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