have discovered that certain cancer cells possess the ability to evade limitations caused by oxygen deprivation, enabling the cancer cells to continue to grow.. The research was led by Kshitiz, an assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, in collaboration with scientists Chi V. Dang from Johns Hopkins and Andre Levchenko from Yale.
The researchers determined that a small number of cells were “cheating”—or rewiring their signaling to allow them to divide and grow. Solving the mystery of how the cells were cheating—and how this phenomenon applied to cancer diagnoses— soon became a focus of the researchers’ work. “To find cheaters within a population of cancer cells, which are themselves cheating the normal cells, is interesting at so many levels,” Kshitiz says.
“Excess lactate forces cells to undergo respiration, even when oxygen is scarce, and that caused degradation of HIF-1 in lysosomes, the recycling centers in a cell,” says Afzal. “What we found was truly astounding,” says Kshitiz. “Most genes behaved as expected, but there was a group of genes which behaved opposite to what is expected in hypoxia. It did not make much sense; why should genes which turn on in hypoxia, turn off when hypoxia is oscillating? Clearly, something is at play.”
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