There’s a reason all passenger jets are shaped like tubes. As an aircraft climbs in altitude, outside air pressure naturally decreases along with oxygen levels. To keep passengers from passing out, planes pump air into the cabin. This increases the pressure and the amount of breathable oxygen inside.
Jet engines have been modified to improve aviation efficiency over the past half-century. New designs increase the airflow surrounding the combustion core to reduce engine noise .Roughly 60 years ago, the airline industry was cruising into the Jet Age. Gone were the days where passengers rode on small, propeller powered planes such as the Douglas DC-3, the world’s first commercial airliner, which debuted in 1935 with a max capacity of 28 passengers.
The larger bypass ratio has increased engine size over time. “If you go back and look at pictures of airplanes from the ’60s, they had little tiny jet engines,” says Hansman. “If you look at airplanes today, they kind of look similar, but the engines are much bigger.” Aircraft transportation produces “roughly 2 to 2.5 percent of global carbon emissions,” says Sean Newsum, Director of Environmental Strategy at Boeing Commercial Airplanes. “And while that’s a small percentage, it’s a significant one.”
On the other hand, a few recent efforts have birthed small aircraft with electric engines. Rolls-Royce completed a test flight of the single-passenger Spirit of Innovation in 2021, and a nine-seater passenger jet developed by Israeli aerospace company Eviation, called Alice, is in the testing stage. The hurdle here, however, is the sheer weight and energy density needed to power larger electric aircraft.
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