Our DNA is made up of genes that vary drastically in size. In humans, genes can be as short as a few hundred molecules known as bases or as long as two million bases. These genes carry instructions for constructing proteins and other information crucial to keeping the body running. Now a new study suggests that longer genes become less active than shorter genes as we grow older. And understanding this phenomenon could reveal new ways of countering the aging process.
Then, at the suggestion of Thomas Stoeger, a postdoctoral scholar In Amaral’s lab, the team decided to consider shifts in gene length. Prior studies had hinted that there might be such a large-scale change in gene activity with age—showing, for example, that the amount of RNA declines over time and that disruptions to transcription can have a greater impact on longer genes than shorter ones.
The team repeated this experiment using data collected from various types of postmortem human tissue, as well as tissues extracted at specific ages in other animals. They found this age-associated imbalance in gene-length-related expression was consistent across organisms.
This study fits with previous work, according to Maria Ermolaeva, a group leader at the Leibniz Institute of Aging in Germany, who was not involved in the study. For example, researchers have shown that the accumulation of DNA damage during aging has a stronger effect on longer genes; the longer the gene is, the more likely it is to develop a problem that cannot be repaired, she says.
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