More than half a century ago, Chinese researchers uncovered thousands of pieces of an ancient cultural puzzle.
That puzzle received little scientific attention until the Shiyu site and its surviving array of stones and bones received fresh scientific scrutiny 50 years after the original excavation..
Tools and ornaments unearthed at the Israeli site, which date to around 50,000 years ago, suggested that IUP traditions emerged alongside a much older, Middle Paleolithic way of life. Discoverers of IUP artifacts viewed them asfirst steps into Upper Paleolithic cultural practices, which lasted in various parts of the world until about 12,000 years ago.
Regional variations in IUP tools, often influenced by the quality and size of available rocks, “show that once IUP populations spread , they adapted to local circumstances, altering their behaviors and culture,” Petraglia says.Piecing together the Shiyu puzzle required taking a new, thorough look at the site and its previously excavated artifacts.
The 1963 dig had unearthed more than 15,000 stone artifacts, thousands of animal bones, that black disc with a hole carved in its center, the possible bone tool and the piece of a braincase. A biological anthropologist on the team assigned that fossil toA portion of the Shiyu finds, including 750 stone artifacts, 152 animal bones, the black disc and the bone implement were taken to the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, where Yang now works.
Despite such cultural tweaks, “IUP technologies have commonality across Eurasia and represent a key transition, suggesting the movement of human populations across great distances,” Petraglia says.Shiyu’s IUP crowd did not exist in a geographic vacuum. Stone tool excavations conducted by different teams indicate that
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