A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos - Nature Communications

. Micro-contextualisation can provide critical information regarding the context of fossils and how far they may have travelled from their original positions.The lower sediments of LU1 appeared sandy and gritty in the field, but microstratigraphic analyses show that the sand-sized inclusions comprise silty clay aggregate grains of variable lithological composition. These lower sediments are generally loose but with partial cementation in localised zones.

Groundmass ranges from single-spaced to double-spaced enaulic. At the macro-scale, the compound grains form the coarse fraction of the overall sediment, ranging from very fine gravel/very coarse to fine sand and in shape from angular to well rounded. The coarse component of the matrix material comprises very fine quartz sand and coarse silt, sub-angular to sub-rounded.

Field observations and micromorphological analyses together suggest that LU1 was deposited in a low to moderate energy hydrological environment. The coarse nature of the aggregate grains suggest that water flowing through the karstic system reworked older cave fills adhered to the walls and roof higher up the cave catchment system .

The sediments of LU2 comprise fine to medium gravels, coarsening up to large gravel clasts and occasional cobbles in towards the upper capping flowstone. The gravel is suspended in a fine-grained matrix of silts and fine to medium sands, with variable quantities of clay. These sediments were deposited in a high energy environment, probably during a flood event or reconfiguration of the karst hydrogeological system.

Micromorphological analyses confirm field observations that small bone fragments and frequent large tooth fragments are common throughout the sampled area of LU2, indicative of a long residence time in the karstic network. The bone fragments are commonly angular retaining aspects of their original morphology and are generally well-preserved with the exception of moderate iron staining consistent with microbial action.

NatureComms Tooth fairy doesn’t do caves huh?

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