The history of the city is long and varied, but in 1950 the Italian prime minister, Alcide De Gasperi, visited the city and deemed it a"national disgrace" due to the living conditions that people were faced with in the caves. Families of up to 10 were crammed into tight spaces which they also shared with farm animals with no running water and in squalid conditions.
In 1952 the inhabitants of the Sassi were evacuated out of the old city and into newly built homes on the outskirts. Matera was effectively abandoned until the 1980s when people started to move back in thanks to an initiative to regenerate the historic area. In 1993 the Sassis were awarded World Heritage Site status by UNESCO and Matera was named European Capital of Culture in 2019.
You can learn all about the fascinating history of the caves, Matera's people, and its transformation at
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